thanks baz, my memory fades me and history isn't my strong subject. alot of what i'll add from now on might be more of the literature aspects. Such as the ace played in the end the end of the book. Either man cheated or animal cheated implying one of two things. 1. The animals have become so corupt that they are cheating now, or 2 man has to resort to cheating because animals have become supierior to them (just my personal thought)